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Title/Year/Type/ SOUND AS SPATIAL HYPERTEXT IN FPS GAMES
2025
 Research
CITIES OF INTERACTION
 2025 Research ELEMENTS AND PATTERNS OF VIRTUAL CONTESTED SPACE        
 2024 Research CANADIAN MUSEUM OF ARCHITECTURE
 2022 Exhibit SEVEN LEVELS TO A NEW PERCEPTION 2021 Research CENTER FOR CONVERSATION
 2020 Design WATERMARK 2019 Design THE RIBBON 2019 Design PLAY! 2019 Design YORK STUDENT RESIDENCE
2019 Design BARBICAN #case study 2019 Drawing GRAND RIVER #case study 2018 Object P.O.D.S  2018 Render FLOATING CABIN 2018 Render LINWOOD 2018 Render REIMS CATHEDRAL #case study 2017 Drawing

CITIES OF INTERACTION: The Urban Logic of Competitive FPS Maps


2025 / Published in the Interdisciplinary Journal on Games and Narrative (IJGaN)

First-person shooter (FPS) game maps can be conceptualized as urban spaces, where the digital landscape serves as the grounds for structured high-stakes encounters. Interaction in these games occurs entirely within the defined boundaries of the map, which shapes player strategies, influences movement patterns, and supports emergent gameplay. This paper positions FPS maps as "cities of interaction" that exhibit unique spatial and social dynamics, providing a further perspective on how game environments function as urban constructs and positions game environments as sophisticated parallels to real urban landscapes.